Machine-Graded Exams Introduced For Fairness

In 1983, Zeng Richang led a team in a groundbreaking study to assess the fairness of Gao Kao (national college entrance examination) grading. China's education reform incorporates a scientific approach to exam fairness, building on research from the 1980s. A 1983 study involving 50 test papers distributed to teachers across provinces showed score variations. These reforms aim to enhance fairness in university admissions through standardized metrics. The reform aims to ensure students are evaluated on their flexible application of knowledge. Following the introduction of multiple-choice questions, score discrepancies among candidates decreased by 12 percent. Research led by Zhang Richang in 1983 investigated fairness in the National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao) scoring process. When five sets of exam papers were randomly selected nationwide and distributed to provincial scoring teachers, subjective scoring was found to be influenced by factors such as status, age, and mood. CNR Voice of China detailed a 1983 investigation into Gaokao scoring fairness, which led to reforms including the introduction of multiple-choice questions to reduce score discrepancies and improve admission equity. Zeng Richang persisted for ten years in this research, driven by a desire for widespread hope. The exam focuses on the flexible application of mathematical knowledge, formulas, theorems, and rules, rather than rote calculation. At the suggestion of Zeng Richang and others, the Ministry of Education's admissions and examination department has adopted multiple-choice questions, common in Europe and the U.S.